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El Centro History Department

The Southwest in the 20th Century


Instructions: Using the provided answer sheet, respond to any of the following questions as indicated. Within each question, there is a link to a page that provides the answer. All questions are worth 4 points each EXCEPT the "Super Dooper Critical Thinking Bonus Questions." These are worth 10 points are marked with a check mark. You may submit your own history questions with answer links for four points. Just e-mail me.

A tool that will save you a lot of time is "Find." Click on "Edit" and then type the terms you are looking for and that will take you directly to the answer.


  1. Progressive Era
    Who were Adella Kelsey Turner and Ella Isabelle Tucker?

  2. Progressive Era
    What does the New Mexico flag represent?

  3. Progressive Era and beyond...
    In what military actions has the USS Texas been involved? Where is it now?

  4. Progressive Era
    Do you admire Minnie Fisher Cunningham?

  5. Progressive Era and beyond...
    Do you think Pancho Villa should be considered a hero for Mexican people? Explain. See this one, too.

  6. Progressive Era
    What was the role of the Partido Liberal Mexicano in Texas during the Mexican Revolution?

  7. 1900
    What was the worst natural disaster in U.S. History?

  8. 1901
    What new era began in Texas in 1901?

  9. 1902
    What new tax was implemented in Texas in 1902? Why do you think it was implemented? When did it become illegal? Should it be illegal?

  10. 1903
    Who was Zelma Watson George?

  11. 1906
    How many years was Sam Rayburn elected to the U.S. House of Representatives?

  12. 1909
    What was discovered in New Mexico in 1909?

  13. 1910
    What caused the Mexican Revolution of 1910?

  14. 1910
    Who was Major General Benjamin Delahauf Foulois, and what happened to him in 1980? Do you admire his accomplishments?

  15. 1910
    Who are "Soldaderas"?

  16. 1911
    Who was the "apostle of democracy" and why was he called this?

  17. 1911
    What was the Plan of Ayala?

  18. 1913
    Was Gregorio Cortez's pardon the right thing for the governor to do? Explain.

  19. 1913
    What was La Prensa?

  20. 1913
    For what crime was Jack Johnson of Texas convicted?

  21. 1913 assumed control of Mexico's government in 1913?

  22. 1914
    Who became Mexico's President in 1914?

  23. 1916
    What happened in Columbus, New Mexico on March 9, 1916?

  24. 1917
    What was Scott Joplin's first hit song?

  25. 1917
    What was Mexico offered in the Zimmermann Telegram, and should the government have accepted the offer?

  26. 1918
    What law dealing with Texas women passed in 1918?

  27. 1918
    Do you admire Annie Webb Blanton and why?

  28. World War I
    Name three military camps/bases in Texas during World War I.

  29. 1917
    Who was governor of Texas in 1917, what happened to him, and why?

  30. 1919
    Where was the headquarters of the Texas Anti-Saloon League, and what was it's purpose? Do you support their cause? Explain.

  31. 1920s...
    What was the Ku Klux Klan doing in Texas in the 1920s and why? What political influence did they have?

  32. 1920s
    Name two songs by Blind Lemon Jefferson.

  33. 1920
    How did prohibition affect Galveston?

  34. 1920
    Where was the first high school football team in Texas?

  35. 1920s...
    Interpret and critique a work by Diego Rivera.

  36. 1922
    Who were Soledad Chacon and Isabel Eckles? See this one, too.

  37. 1923
    What was Katherine Ann Porter's first publication?

  38. 1923-25
    What happened regarding Texas Tech on February 10, 1923 and Fall, 1925?

  39. 1923-24
    What was discovered on the New Mexico Navajo Reservation in the early 1920s?

  40. 1924
    What National Monument was created in New Mexico in 1924?

  41. 1925
    Do you admire Miriam Ferguson and why?

  42. 1929
    What problems led to the founding of LULAC? How successful has this organization been in solving these problems? Explain.

  43. 1929
    Who painted these, and do you like them? Why?

  44. 1927-29
    What was the Cristero Rebellion?

  45. 1930
    Who was "Dad" Joiner?

  46. 1930
    What Texan was known as "the father of Negro baseball"?

  47. 1930
    What college did Lyndon B. Johnson attend?

  48. 1930
    What was the Hall of Negro Life?

  49. 1932
    Who was Babe Didrickson, and do you admire her? Explain.

  50. 1932
    Who was the "Mr. Clean" of Mexico and why was he called that?

  51. 1939
    Who is Lee Trevino and where was he born?

  52. 1930s
    How did New Deal programs affect New Mexico?

  53. 1930s
    Where was actress Joan Crawford born?

  54. 1930s
    Do you think John Nance Garner was a good Vice President? Explain.

  55. 1930s
    In what towns were Bonnie & Clyde born?

  56. 1936
    What was the purpose of the Democratic Progressive Voters League?

  57. 1937
    What happened at the London Consolidated School Building in Rush County, Texas, March 18, 1937?

  58. 1930s
    According to the 1930 census, what percentage of Tejanos were middle class?

  59. 1940s
    Who was known as "The King of the Twelve-String Guitar"? How did he get in trouble, and what helped him get out of trouble?

  60. World War II
    What was the Crystal City Internment Camp and who stayed there and why?

  61. World War II
    Were Texas troops heroic in World War II? Explain with specific examples.

  62. World War II
    Who developed the idea of Navajo Code Talkers?

  63. World War II
    Why was the Bataan Death March significant in New Mexico?

  64. World War II
    Do you admire Audie Murphy? Explain.

  65. World War II
    What did Oveta Culp Hobby do during World War II?

  66. World War II
    Where was Chester Nimitz born and why is he famous?

  67. 1941
    Do you admire Doris Miller? Explain.

  68. 1942
    What did Mexico declare on June 1, 1942?

  69. 1942
    What was the braceros program and how did it affect Mexicans?

  70. 1943
    What happened in Beaumont on June 15-16, 1943, and why did it happen?

  71. 1944
    What National Park was established on June 12, 1944?

  72. 1945
    How many teams are in the World Football Federation's Premiere Division are from Mexico?

  73. 1945
    What happened at "Trinity" in New Mexico during World War II? What were the results?

  74. 1947
    What happened in Texas City on April 16, 1947?

  75. 1947
    Do you BELIEVE? Explain.

  76. 1947
    Which states in the Southwest are "right to work" states?

  77. 1948
    Why was the 1948 Senatorial Election in Texas controversial?

  78. 1948
    Who was Dr. Hector P. Garcia? Do you admire him? Explain.

  79. 1948
    Who got the right to vote in New Mexico in 1948?

  80. 1948
    What is the American G I Forum of Texas?

  81. 1948
    Who was Felix Longoria?

  82. 1949
    Name two works by Jose' Clemente Orozco.

  83. 1950s-60s
    List three songs recorded by Buddy Holly.

  84. 1950s-60s
    Where was President Dwight D. Eisenhower born?

  85. 1950s-60s
    When did Texas women first serve on juries?

  86. 1950s
    Who is Ruby Gobble?

  87. 1950
    What was discovered in New Mexico in 1950?

  88. 1953
    What was "Operation Wetback"? Do you agree with this method? Explain.

  89. 1954
    What was the reaction of the Governor of Texas to Brown v. Board of Education?

  90. 1954
    What does MALDEF stand for?

  91. 1957
    Why did John Henry Faulk loose his radio job in 1957?

  92. 1957
    What happened in Dallas on April 2, 1957?

  93. 1958
    What did Jack Kilby do and where did he do it? What have been the results?

  94. 1960s
    What is your favorite Barbara Jordan quote?

  95. 1960s
    Who was Patrocinio Barela and what do you think of his work?

  96. 1960s
    What was "El Boom"?

  97. 1960s
    Why are Carlos Castenada's "travels" well known? Where did he go and what did he find?

  98. 1960s
    What was the Chicano Mural Movement?

  99. 1960s
    List two singers who influenced Janis Joplin?

  100. 1960s
    Who is Jose' Angel Gutierrez?

  101. 1960
    In what magazine did John Howard Griffin's Black Like Me appear?

  102. 1961
    Who was John Tower and do you admire his accomplishments?

  103. 1961
    Is this a waste of money? Explain.

  104. 1961
    What are the "white guards" in Chiapas?

  105. 1961
    How many Hispanic politicians were elected or named to represent their districts in Texas from 1846 to 1961?

  106. 1963
    What did "los cinco" do and why?

  107. 1963
    Who do you think killed JFK and why? Also see this one, and this one, and this one.

  108. 1963
    What was Trini Lopez's hit song in 1963?

  109. 1963
    Who is being shot in these photos and who did it?

  110. 1965
    Who is Ed White?

  111. 1965
    What Center did Lady Bird Johnson create?

  112. 1966
    Would you like to rub this gravestone? Why?

  113. 1967
    Do you admire Reis Lopez Tijerina? Explain.

  114. 1968
    What did Tommie Smith and John Carlos do that created controversy at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City and why? Do you think this was an appropriate action? Explain.

  115. 1970
    What were "camp-ins" and what were the results?

  116. 1970s
    What did the UFW accomplish in the 1970s? Do you admire their actions?

  117. 1971
    For what crimes was Gus Mutscher convicted?

  118. 1972
    What did the Dallas Cowboys do in 1972?

  119. 1972
    Ms. Jones voted for Ramsey Muniz in 1972. Where is he now?

  120. 1974
    What "first" happened at DFW Airport on January 13, 1974?

  121. 1975
    Would you like to go?

  122. 1980s-90s
    Would Ms. Jones look good with this hair?

  123. 1981
    Who was the first Hispanic mayor of a major U.S. city?

  124. 1985
    What happened in Mexico City on September 19, 1985? See This one, too.

  125. 1990s
    Where does Senator Hutchison drilling in the Arctic National Refuge?

  126. 1990
    List two books by Octavio Paz.

  127. 1992
    What famous descendent visited New Mexico in 1992?

  128. 1993
    What do the "Seven Seals" have to do with Texas?

  129. 1994
    What caused the Chiapas Rebellion? Also see this one.

  130. 1995
    What is the Selena Foundation?

  131. 1995
    Do you admire Eligio "Kika" de la Garza II? Explain.

  132. 1999
    For what crime was Raul Salinas convicted?

  133. 1999
    What is the estimated population of Mexico?

  134. 1999
    Who is Henry B. Gonzalez and do you admire his accomplishments?

  135. TODAY
    Has NAFTA been good for Texas and Mexico? Explain. See this critical view, too.

  136. TODAY
    Which ethnic term for Mexicans in the U.S. do you prefer and why?

  137. TODAY
    Who do you think is winning this war, and is it a war that we should be fighting at all?

  138. TODAY
    Who does Ms. Jones love to brag about as her "homeboy" in Oak Cliff?

  139. TODAY
    Do you think he has improved conditions in Mexico?

  140. TODAY
    What are these Texas Symbols? Also see this one and this one, too. Texas symbols, and would you recommend any changes?
    a. state flower
    b. state bird
    c. state dinasaur
    d. dish
    e. flower
    f. insect
    g. motto
    h. reptile
    i. sport
    j. small mammal

  141. EXTRA
    Name ten famous permanent residents in New Mexico.

  142. EXTRA
    Name a famous Texan in five different categories and explain why each is famous.

  143. EXTRA
    Name ten Texas musicians/singers that you like.


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